Course_paper-sample.doc Essays - Free Essays, Term Papers

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Practice in Eliminating Gender-Biased Language

Practice in Eliminating Gender-Biased Language This exercise will give you practice in recognizing sexually biased language and avoiding it in your writing. Before attempting the exercise, you may find it helpful to review  sexist language,  biased language,  gender,  and generic pronouns. Instructions Consider how the following sentences reinforce sexual stereotypes by their reliance on gender-biased language. Then revise the sentences to eliminate the bias. To a woman who possesses the necessary qualifications, nursing offers a life of unusual interest and usefulness. She will have limitless opportunities to improve herself and to help others.Each laboratory assistant must perform the experiment at least once before he teaches it to the class.The priest asked, Are you ready to love and honor each other as man and wife for the rest of your lives?No matter how busy he is, a pilot should take the time to thank the stewardesses at the end of every flight.My grandparents days consist of waiting by the window for someone to come up the walkwhether friend, mailman or salesman.The female lawyer conceded that her client was no Mother Teresa.In some cases, if your insurance has been slow in paying and your doctor has his lab work done away from his office, you may receive a bill from a laboratory you have never heard of. If this happens, call your doctors billing secretary and ask her to tell you exactly what the bill is for.Though occasionally s he may be called on to help others in the office, a secretary should take orders only from the manager she supports. The beginning student should spend his time becoming familiar with primary rather than secondary texts, with classics rather than with books about classics.The shift from animal and muscle power to machine power was a major achievement for man. When you have completed the exercise, continue reading to compare your revised sentences with the sample answers. Sample Answers To those people who possess the necessary qualifications, nursing offers a life of unusual interest and usefulness. They will have limitless opportunities to improve themselves and to help others.Each laboratory assistant must perform the experiment at least once before teaching it to the class.The priest asked, Are you ready to love and honor each other as husband and wife for the rest of your lives?No matter how busy the pilots are, they should take the time  to thank the flight attendants at the end of every flight.My grandparents days consist of waiting by the window for someone to come up the walkwhether friend, mail  carrier or salesperson.The lawyer conceded that her client was no Mother Teresa.In some cases, if your insurance has been slow in paying and your doctors lab work is done away from the office, you may receive a bill from a laboratory you have never heard of. If this happens, call your doctors billing office and ask exactly what the bill is for.Though occasional ly they may be called on to help others in the office, secretaries [or  assistants] should take orders only from the managers they support. Beginning students should spend their time becoming familiar with primary rather than secondary texts, with classics rather than with books about classics.The shift from animal and muscle power to machine power was a major achievement for humanity.

Media and popular culture in China Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Media and popular culture in China - Essay Example Chinese history and culture have always been difficult to understand for western intellectuals. Although trade relationships between China and the rest of the world had gone on for centuries, there is always the perception of that the country represents the other, the Orient. This construct is noted to be in complete contrast to the Occident. Seen in light of this dichotomy, while sentiments and views expressed by Chinese leaders might appear contradictory or paradoxical to the western observer, they are not necessarily so for the Chinese people themselves. Chinese leader Dengs statement to the party to â€Å"Guard against the Right, but primarily against the Left† can hence be interpreted to be logically and practically plausible. The rest of this essay will elaborate on this thesis. Ever since the communist revolution of 1945 and the rise to power of the Communist Party of China (CCP), Marxist-Leninist thought have been the backbone of much of public policy. Under the iron rule of Mao Zedong, although several millions of Chinese lost their lives through their acts of rebellion, communist ideology has been reverentially promoted both within the party and among the general public. This is not to say that there are no contradictions and countervailing tendencies within the party leadership. If anything, when one looks at the priorities of Chinese leadership during the last six decades, it is clear that their holding on to authority is of paramount importance. Whether communist principles get implemented through public policy has been secondary to monopolization of power. And since the greatest threat to power comes from popular movements, as opposed to business interests, Dengs warning against the Left makes perfect sense. Although, the tendency to repress and sub due the public have taken new modes in recent decades, it was frequent even during the reign of Mao Zedong, the founding leader of the CCP. In 1958, Mao introduced a highly

Forestry Commission Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Forestry Commission - Essay Example The isolated rural of England, Scotland, and Wales consisted of three thousand employees made it even more difficult to integrate changes. (McCann, 2003, p. 948.) The leaders in charge had been accustomed to doing things the old way. Some realized that in order to implement change and to train their workforce, they had to change themselves. This was necessary in order to create teamwork instead of orders coming down from up top without the involvement of others. (McCann, 2003, p. 948.) The author reports that a manager in Forest District B stated that he realized that in order to create an environment that was team-based, he had to change himself. (McCann, 2003, p. 950.) Consultants helped managers analyze their own attitudes and behaviors. It was believed that at every level, the organizational culture was one of blame and that managers and their workforce would point the finger at everyone else. Leadership events were coordinated to help all transition from the old way of doing things to the new way. Regardless of these efforts, some managerial still refused to change and some even quit. Fifteen selected to retire early and some managers were moved to other posts. (McCann, 2003, p. 948.) Due to the company's extremely hierarchical system, some were skeptical and even reluctant to change. Although the change process was gentle, team members still feel that despite the new district team approach, the entire company is still under the old way. They feel that although they are encouraged to voice their opinion but even so, people are afraid to really say what they think due to fear of the consequences. So they believe that although their district has made some changes, the overall company is still under the old system so there is much skepticism and lack of trust and belief. (McCann, 2003, p. 950.) Resistance to change was also due to low morale and the feeling of hopelessness; like the efforts would be worthless. Although the organization had already shown that it could make changes and deal with them, a problem seemed to be that they were all "changed out". They felt that more and more changes were being imposed on them and that the only solution is that things remain the same and no more changes. (McCann, 2003, p. 949.) Management had the capability to implement change by helping the staff members to grab the initiative instead of having, or feeling, change imposed on them. They had access to consultants to help them do their jobs in implementing, training, and monitoring the changes. They could help people look outwardly at the organization instead of what they are used to doing-looking inwardly. Management also implemented Connect workshop events which allowed group discussions to work through difficult issues that directly affect their workplace. Connect workshops allowed the senior staff to converse with staff directly. (McCann, 2003, p. 948.) These group discussions to come up with solutions helped to reduce the blaming question of "why don't they fix it" Rapid changes were mostly seen in the work culture when this strategy was used. The Connect events were voluntary and it was up to each district whether or not they wanted to participate. (McCann, 2003, p. 947.) The author states on page 948 of his writing that, "The workshops provided a safe environment in which the participants could explore why some of the traditional behaviours

Black Boy Essay Example for Free

Black Boy Essay Most African American families in the South were lower class and committed dangerous acts to survive, â€Å"Richard suffered poverty and hunger experiences that later became themes of his work†. He would have to wait a long period of time before food was available for him, â€Å"You’ll have to wait till I get a job to buy food†. The lower class did desperate things to get money â€Å"Richard sneak into saloons and begs for pennies and drinks†. Many African Americans suffered horribly from poverty, â€Å"My mothers’ suffering grew into a symbol, gathering to itself all the poverty, the ignorance, the helplessness, the pain, hunger ridden days and hours†. The Jim Crow South brought many adversities for Blacks and poverty was a major part of that. Poverty not only took away the physical things in their lives, but also it took away from their internal selves as human beings. The things they had in their lives that they were deprived of, did not mean as much to them as losing who they are as a person, â€Å"I would send other words to tell, to march, to fight, to create a sense of the hunger of life that gnaws in us all, to keep alive in our hearts a sense of the inexpressibly human†. Racism in the Jim Crow South was brutal, unnecessary, and in some cases fatal. Racism in the United States South was a major theme, and impacted the life of Richard both in a positive and negative way. The only positive aspect of it was that he and many other African Americans overcame it and helped them become better people. In most cases racism affected lives in a negative way. Most African Americans were both physically and mentally pushed to their limit and caused permanent scars in their lives, â€Å"Having been thrust out of the world because of my race, I had accepted my destiny by not being curious about what shaped it†, The quote by Richard shows the racism was present and unfair, you can still move on and not let it be damaging to your daily lives and emotions. Richard experienced many abusive events resulting from racism, â€Å"He experienced some of the most severe abuses of racial oppression in Mississippi†. African Americans have the theory that White people are dangerous and not to be trusted, â€Å"the Jim Crow South was a system of racial segregation practiced in some states of the US, and it gave whites a reason to treat Blacks as second class citizens†. Richard falls into a category of Black youth who fears the White community and has a hard time interacting with them, â€Å"Richard feels psychological tension around Whites†. The major reason why Richard is a part of the Great Migration and fled North is because of racism. The segregation Blacks had to deal with also took away many educational opportunities, â€Å"No education could alter what the meaning of living, came only when one was struggling†. Racism took away many privileges and rights away from Blacks. Many African Americans in the South moved north for better opportunities, and this vast moment was known as the Great Migration. It was hard for many African Americans to leave the South because that was the only life they knew, â€Å"Nine out of ten African Americans lived in the American South in 1900, by 1930, 3 in 10 lived outside the house†. Richard Wrights’ Black Boy shows how racism destroyed the lives of many African Americans, but for some it did just the opposite, as for Richard it drove him to be the successful writer he is today. Violence affected African American youth in a negative way, and it varied how they let it affect the rest of their lives. Poverty took a major toll on the lives of African Americans during the Jim Crow South system, and affected the majority in an unconstructive way. Racism made a huge impact on the lives of the Blacks because it affected their emotions, physicality, home life, and way of being. For some, racism lead to death or completely ruined their lives, but others took the hardship of racism and went with it in the opposite direction. Richard Wright, once a trouble African American boy, now a flourishing writer.

Sir Gawain and Green Knight Essays: Allegory :: Sir Gawain Green Knight Essays

Allegory in Sir Gawain and the Green Knight  Ã‚   Discuss the allegorical significance of the following words of the Green Knight,   You are so fully confessed, your failings made known,/ And bear the plain penance of the point of my blade,/ I hold you polished as a pearl, as pure and as bright/ As you had lived free of fault since first you were born  . These words are uttered by the Green Knight almost immediately after he delivered the third blow on Gawain  s neck (l 2391-2394). They should be understood as referring to events which began with Gawain  s arrival at the Lord  s castle. The words   confessed   and   penance   appearing in the Green Knight  s utterance may lead one to connect them not only with events of the narrative, but also with the Christian idea of sin. According to Christian ideology all human beings are sinners, though- owing to God  s grace and kindness- sins may be forgiven. But before this happens there is need for confession and penance. Absolution is the final stage which may be reached only by those who pass the former ones. When Sir Gawain is looked at closely, the events of the story correspond to the sequence: temptation -sin - confession - penance - absolution. The sin committed by Gawain was not being loyal to the lord by concealing the green girdle. This weakness of character resulted from the love of life - the girdle was to protect anyone who wore it. What happens at the Green Chapel are the later parts of the cycle: confession - penance - absolution. The penance is the fight with the Green Knight during which Gawain receives a cut on the neck and absolution (granted by the Green Knight) is attained through blood, which makes it even more meaningful. On the other hand, a nick on the neck is not an extremely painful experience (although the way in which it was attained was definitely very stressful) and shows that Gawain  s sin was only a minor one. He did not sin against chastity as he did not give in to the lady  s wishes. But still, in this interpretation Gawain  s character turned out to be faulty. There is a different possibility of interpretation - one which broadens the allegory even more. It may be said that Gawain  s primary fault was sinning against courtesy. If courtesy was in reality what he had been tested on, Gawain did not stand a chance of passing this test.

Mobile Phone and Children

Should children be allowed to own and use mobile phones? Mobile phones keep children safe Mobile phones keep children safer, as it is easier for parents to stay in touch with their children and for children to contact someone in an emergency. Through calls and texts, parents can know where their child is and be reassured that he or she is safe; all the while their children know they are never more than a phone call away from help. As Leslie Sharpe argues, ‘I wanted to ensure that they had a way of contacting me in an emergency’.It is, however, true that some children carrying the most sophisticated or ‘Smart’ phones are more susceptible to being robbed, but thieves are always after something new. Phones now are both much more widespread and security coded, so the benefits to thieves are no longer as great or immediate. Traffic accidents that are the result of children being distracted by their phones while walking across roads should be blamed on bad safety education rather than on the actual phones.Ultimately, mobile phones provide parents and young people with peace of mind and children with a safety net in emergencies, whether calling parents or the emergency services. Children should be comfortable with modern technology Information and Communication Technology (ICT) is now a normal part of modern life, used by everyone from toddlers to pensioners. So children need to grow up making use of technology such as mobile phones if they are to be able to fully participate in contemporary society. The average age at which children get their first mobile phone is eight according to a recent study.To prevent a child from having a mobile phone at that age is to put them at a clear social disadvantage compared with their peers. Mobile phone use develops skills for the modern workplace with its need for tech-savvy employees with communication skills and the ability to work flexibly. In any case, children often have better phone manners than adu lts – they are less likely to shout into the phone, more likely to text discreetly, and more aware of text and phone etiquette. Such manners are the direct consequence of familiarity with the device and an understanding of appropriate use in certain contexts.Mobile phones encourage the development of independence and interpersonal skills Education is as much about the growth in character and dealing with risks as it is the accumulation of knowledge; mobile phones provide for children a means to converse with peers, develop friendships and resolve disputes, all within minutes of each other, night and day. For them, ‘getting a cell phone is a step towards independence and a status symbol among their friends’. The confidence and self-esteem derived from having a mobile phone cannot be underappreciated, as proven by the corresponding negative impact of losing one’s phone.An Independent study in 2004 found that 55 per cent of people cited ‘keeping in touc h with friends or family as the main reason for being wedded to their handsets'. Furthermore, the increasing potential of smart phones facilitates the accessing of information in real-time and on the move; a determined child with a grasp of the potential of their mobile phone can illuminate themselves on matters like directions to destinations, opening times for activities and immediate weather forecasts.With such information, children can begin to reason with each other and make decisions without resort to more mature advice. Schools can implement programs to encourage responsible and considerate mobile phone use All technological platforms have the potential to be abused or act as a negative medium, what is important is that children are taught to use their mobile phones responsibly. Schools should introduce programs and classes that teach children not only how important the devices are to their personal safety, but also how to exploit the advantages of the software.All children w ith sufficiently smart mobile phones should know how to find out where they are at any given time using map functions, and how to use the internet to find information on the go but to be vary of revealing their location to others and possible commercial exploitation of certain location based services. This advice should be taught alongside warnings about the limits of mobile phone technology, ensuring that the children don’t trust them blindly but use them as verification tools or means of starting enquiries.What should emerge is an environment where phones can be used as teaching tools and facilitating social cohesion rather than simply being a distraction in class. There are long-term health risks to mobile phone use Mobile phones are medically safe for children to use – we should ignore scare stories in the media. The latest research has not proved that mobile phones damage brain cells. Ed Yong, head of health information at Cancer Research UK, has been quoted as sa ying ‘the risk of brain cancer is similar in people ho use mobile phones compared to those who don’t, and rates of this cancer (glioma) have not gone up in recent years despite a dramatic rise in phone use during the 1980s’. Furthermore, the European Union’s public health body concluded in 2008 that ‘mobile phone use for less than ten years is not associated with cancer incidence. Regarding longer use, it was deemed difficult to make an estimate’. Even those earlier studies that suggested there might be a problem thought that people would have to use a cell phone for hours a day for there to be an effect.It is true that there is no 100% proof that mobile phones are safe to use, but that is true of any scientific study. Further investigation should be encouraged, but without conclusive proof, the benefits of mobile phone use will continue to far outweigh the costs. Mobile phones are too expensive for children Mobile phones are not too expensive for children – children use pocket money to buy credit and often inherit ‘hand-me-down’ handsets initially. As noted by the opposition, basic models are cheap and the subscription itself is at the mercy of the buyer. Parents can always say â€Å"no† or set limits on what the children can spend.With modern payment plans children can be given a set amount of credit for calls and texts. Learning to work within financial limits is an important part of growing up. In any case, many young people have part-time jobs so they are spending their own money, not their parents and learning to control use and financially managing phone use is a very good skill to learn. Nevertheless, even if it were the case that mobile phones are too expensive, that does not render their ability to keep children safe negligible, for one cannot place a price on a child’s safety. Mobile phones are inappropriate distractions in schoolMobile phones are now a valuable part of studen t life. They can be used for ‘creating short movies, setting homework reminders, recording a teacher reading a poem and timing science experiments’. Moreover, because parents feel their children are safer carrying a phone, they are more likely to allow them to travel to school on their own rather than driving them. This promotes greater independence for the children, while taking traffic off the roads which is environmentally-friendly. Like many other things, mobiles can be distracting in class but this doesn’t mean they should be banned. Many chools allow – some actively encourage – phones to be carried providing they are turned off in lesson. Mobile phones are open to abuse Anything can be abused or used to harm other person, including pencils and paper. New technology carries some risks but we should not be rushed into panic measures. Children got hold of pornography, gambled and bullied each other long before mobile phones were invented. The rel ationship between childhood and new mobile technologies is complex. These problems won’t go away if we ban phone use – they can only be dealt with through good parenting and moral education.In the meantime, parents can get phones which block inappropriate content, and ensure that their children do not have credit cards to pay for it. They should make sure that children know how to report abuse or what to do if they receive inappropriate material on the phone. An American company Disney Mobile is also one of an increasing number of phone makers who ‘provides families with mobile phones specifically designed for tweens, young teens and parents who want to keep an eye on them’. The potential for the abuse of mobile phones is low if parents are informed and vigilant and ensure they buy their children the right phone and right plan.

Global warming in relation Winston Churchill’s quote on painting Essay

Global warming in relation Winston Churchill’s quote on painting Introduction            In day-to-day life, challenges are common undertaking. However, some challenges are difficult to handle and it might be impossible to get a solution although their experience is worth in life. Increasing temperatures is one of the major challenges affecting the world. This was evident during vacation from the experience of high temperatures that resulted to uncomfortable spending. It was thought that the temperatures would decrease with time but as the fall approached the higher, they became. According to Friedman, (8) the world is becoming hotter because of global warming gases that are on increase. Both developed countries have tried to address the issue of global warming. Winston Churchill quote on painting is analogous to the ever-increasing temperatures and other effects such as hurricanes, drought, strong winds, floods in the world that are caused by high levels of global warming gases the world increasing commitment to address the issue despite no promising result that the problem will end. Although the world has made significant progress in addressing the issues of global warming through environmental movement and policies to reduce emission of greenhouse gases by developed countries, there seem to be no permanent solution to the problem especially with changing world economy to industrialization.            With the introduction of industrialization in the world, the world economy started changing from agricultural-dependent to manufacturing. The manufacturing economy was marked by use of machines that used fuel such as steam, oil, coal, and electricity. As a result, there was high emission of green house gases such as carbon dioxide in the atmosphere that led to global warming, which is the key cause of the rising temperatures in the world and other effects such as drought, floods, strong wings, hurricanes (27). The temperatures have increased over the years and especially in the 21st century. The increasing temperatures have led to the world becoming hot, which was one of the worst experiences in summer. One would think that the following day the temperatures would be falling but unfortunate the hotter it become. The world commitment to address global warming is heightening despite the unpromising solution to the problem.            The world has formed environmental movements to address the alarming effects of global warming. These movements include the Kyoto protocol, United Nations environmental committee, and other environmental organizations. They have discussed measures and developed strategies to reduce the greenhouse gases in developed countries in order to counter the effects of global warming. Countries under the Kyoto protocol agreed to reduce the greenhouse gases by 5% by year 2020. In addition, there was notable decrease of green house gases during the implementation of Kyoto protocol. Consequently, developing countries joined hands for the fight against global warming. The formation of these movements and agreement for member states to implement the policies was seen as progress toward the reduction of green house gases and significant decrease in global temperatures.            The Kyoto protocol and the climate change program led by United Nations framework convention have achieved most of their global warming goals by reducing the emissions of green house gases in countries like United States, Denmark and others. Consequently, more countries have continued to join Kyoto protocol and other environmental organizations to fight global warming. In addition, carbon free goods have been introduced in various markets in Europe and other continents to ensure that less greenhouse gases are emitted in the atmosphere. Other countries like United States have introduced electric vehicles that do not emit greenhouse gases. These initiatives coupled to many others have led to reduction of global warming gases in the atmosphere thus giving hope for the combating global warming.            Despite the promising agreements and states’ willingness to implement the policies, the world is still recording high levels of green house gases in the atmosphere. There has been high emission of the gases in developed countries and other countries that are joining the industrialised world. As a result, global warming effects have been on the rise and major catastrophic events have been on the rise. For example, hurricanes, flooding, drought has been on increase compared to decades ago. According to Friedman (148) hurricanes and droughts have been unusual recently due to increasing temperature that have been caused by people. Another challenge to the notable progress in addressing the global warming is the withdrawal of countries from the environmental movements. For example, New Zealand government made a decision not to renew its membership for Kyoto protocol come year 2015. The move will deny it from accessing carbon free market, which might trigger the r ise of the green house gases in the country and consequence increase of global warming in the world.            The initiative by the world to address the global warming challenge through environmental organizations such as United Nations and Kyoto protocol is a progress toward reduction of green house gases as depicted in Churchill’s quote on painting. Consequently, the commitment of the countries to reduce the emission of the green house gasses by 5% by year 2020 is a fruitful step of the initial progress. Moreover, the achievement of the world to avoid more than 1.5 billion tonnes of green house gases (CO2) is a fruitful step and ever improving global warming fight (410). The ever-increasing support of reducing greenhouse gases by different countries and continents is another move that indicating fruitful step. In The introduction of electric motor vehicles and carbon, free market in most of the countries is an ever-lengthening step. In addition, the global reduction of greenhouse gases level is another ever-improving step and ever-ascending order. However, the wit hdrawal of countries like New Zealand is a drawback to the problem coupled to few countries that have relaxed restrictions on carbon emission. Moreover, the increasing numbers and strength of hurricanes, strong winds and floods in America and Europe is an indication that the problem of global warming may never end (80). However, the increasing research and introduction of carbon free markets and achievement of reduced greenhouse gases levels in the world give the joy of every trying to address the global warming issue. Conclusion            The global warming issues in the world that s been experienced through increased temperatures, increased number of hurricanes, strong winds, and floods and the world’s effort to combat it through various measures is analogous to Churchill’s quote on painting. Although there have been progress day by day, the problem seem like it will never have an end. However, the increased research and approaches being used to address the problems gives joy of some achievements. Consequently, the experience of increased temperatures during summer vacation reflects the effects of global warming and that despite the world commitment the temperature seems to be ever increasing. References Friedman, Thomas L.  Hot, Flat, and Crowded: Why We Need a Green Revolution-and How It Can Renew America. New York: Picador, 2009. Print. Winston Churchill (nd). â€Å"Painting as a Pastime,† Thoughts and Adventures. Print. Source document

The Current State of Development in Latin America essays

The Current State of Development in Latin America essays In attempting to establish the current state of development in Latin America, historical chronology serves as the foundation necessary for a comprehensively logical position. Latin American development has evolved in distinct phases, which lead to the present day standings of the politics and peoples throughout the region. The culmination of distinct historical attributes: conquest, colonialism, mercantilism, captalism, industrialism, and globalism, serve as the developmental path from the past, to allow an understanding of the current state of development. In overview of this, as perceived by Latin American governments, the four primary areas of concern as reported from 1994, "Summit of the Americas" held by heads of 34 countries, were as follows: (1) preserving and strengthening the community of democracies of the Americas, (2) free trade area of the Americas (FTAA), (3) eradicating poverty and discrimination in the hemisphere, (4) education (Americas Net). Each issue examined by m embers of the summit involves aspects of politics and economics. The desired changes in Latin American society can be shown connected to these two subject areas, as held by authors Skidmore and Smith, "From modernization theory, we take the casual premise that economic transformations induce social changes which, in turn, have political consequences."(Skidmore and Smith, 10) The understanding of the historical background, an awareness of current political goals, and the incorporation of modern political and social theory allow an increasingly accurate depiction of the state of development in Latin America to be constructed. Development, largely defined as bringing to a more advanced or effective state, often stands as the product of the successful management and collaboration of economic, social, and political areas. The current state of development should, therefore, gauge today's level of success in creating a more advanced and effective state. In conside...

About Norman Foster and Britains Modern Architecture

About Norman Foster and Britains Modern Architecture Pritzker Prize-winning architect Norman Foster (born June 1, 1935 in Manchester, England) is famous for futuristic designs - like Apple Headquarters in Cupertino, California - that explore technological shapes and social ideas. His big tent civic center constructed with the modern plastic ETFE even made the Guinness Book of World Records for being the worlds tallest tensile structure, yet it was built for the comfort and enjoyment of the Kazakhstan public. In addition to winning the most prestigious award for architecture, the Pritzker Prize, Foster has been knighted and granted the rank of baron by Queen Elizabeth II. For all of his celebrity, however, Foster came from humble beginnings. Born in a working class family, Norman Foster did not seem likely to become a famous architect. Although he was a good student in high school and showed an early interest in architecture, he did not enroll in college until he was 21 years old.   By the time he had decided to become an architect, Foster had been a radar technician in the Royal Air Forces and worked in the treasury department of Manchester Town Hall. In college he studied bookkeeping and commercial law, so he was prepared to handle the business aspects of an architectural firm when the time came. Foster won numerous scholarships during his years at Manchester University, including one to attend Yale University in the United States. He graduated from Manchester University School of Architecture in 1961 and went on to earn a Masters Degree at Yale on a Henry Fellowship. Returning to his native United Kingdom, Foster co-founded the successful Team 4 architectural firm in 1963. His partners were his wife, Wendy Foster, and the husband and wife team of Richard Rogers and Sue Rogers. His own firm, Foster Associates (Foster Partners), was founded in London in 1967. Foster Associates became known for high tech design that explored technological shapes and ideas. In his work, Foster often uses off-site manufactured parts and the repetition of modular elements. The firm frequently designs special components for other high-tech modernist buildings. He is a designer of parts that he elegantly assembles. Selected Early Projects After establishing his own architectural firm in 1967, the affable architect did not take long to be noticed with a portfolio of well-received projects. One of his first successes was the Willis Faber and Dumas Building built between 1971 and 1975 in Ipswich, England. No ordinary office building, the Willis Building is an asymmetrical, three-story blob of a structure, with a roof of grass to be enjoyed as a park space by the office workers. In 1975 Fosters design was a very early example of architecture that could be both energy efficient and socially responsible, to be used as a template for what is possible in an urban environment. The office building was quickly followed by the Sainsbury Centre for Visual Arts, a gallery and educational facility built between 1974 and 1978 at the University of East Anglia, Norwich. In this building we begin to see the Foster enthusiasm for observable metal triangles and walls of glass. Internationally, attention was paid to Fosters high-tech skyscraper for the Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation (HSBC) in Hong Kong, built between 1979 and 1986, and then the Century Tower built between 1987 and 1991 in Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan. Asian successes were followed by the 53-story tallest building in Europe, the ecology-minded Commerzbank Tower, built from 1991 to 1997 in Frankfurt, Germany. The high profile Bilbao Metro in 1995 was part of the urban revitalization that swept the city of Bilbao, Spain. Back in the United Kingdom, Foster and Partners completed the Cranfield University Library in Bedfordshire (1992), the Faculty of Law at the University of Cambridge (1995), the American Air Museum at Duxford airfield in Cambridge (1997), and the Scottish Exhibition and Conference Centre (SECC) in Glasgow (1997). In 1999 Norman Foster received architectures most prestigious award, the Pritzker Architecture Prize, and also  was honored by Queen Elizabeth II naming him Lord Foster of Thames Bank.The Pritzker jury cited his steadfast devotion to the principles of architecture as an art form, for his contributions in defining an architecture with high technological standards, and for his appreciation of the human values involved in producing consistently well-designed projects as their reasons for his becoming a Pritzker Laureate. Post-Pritzker Work Norman Foster never rested upon his laurels after winning the Pritzker Prize. He finished the Reichstag Dome for the new German Parliament in 1999, which remains one of Berlins most popular tourist attractions. The 2004 Millau Viaduct, a  cable-stayed bridge in Southern France, is one of the bridges youll want to cross at least once in your life. With this structure, the architects of the firm claim to be expressing a fascination with the relationship between function, technology and aesthetics in a graceful structural form. Throughout the years, Foster and Partners has continued to create office towers that explore the environmentally sensitive, uplifting workplace begun by Commerzbank in Germany and  the Willis Building in Britain. Additional office towers include the Torre Bankia (Torres Repsol), Cuatro Torres Business Area in Madrid, Spain (2009), the Hearst Tower in New York City (2006),   the Swiss Re in London (2004), and The Bow in Calgary, Canada (2013). Other interests of the Foster group have been the transportation sector  - including the 2008 Terminal T3 in Beijing, China and Spaceport America in New Mexico, the U.S. in 2014 - and building with Ethylene Tetrafluoroethylene, creating plastic buildings like the 2010 Khan Shatyr Entertainment Center in Astana, Kazakhstan and the 2013 SSE Hydro in Glasgow, Scotland. Lord Norman Foster in London One need only visit London to receive a lesson in Norman Foster architecture. The most recognizable Foster design is the 2004 office tower for Swiss Re at 30 St Mary Axe in London. Locally called The Gherkin, the missile-shaped building is a case study for computer-aided design and energy and environmental design. Within site of the gherkin is the most-used Foster tourist attraction, the Millennium Bridge over the Thames River. Built in 2000, the pedestrian bridge also has a nickname  -    it became known as the Wobbly Bridge when 100,000 people rhythmically crossed during the opening week, which created an unnerving sway. The Foster firm has called it greater than expected lateral movement created by synchronised pedestrian footfall. Engineers installed dampers under the deck, and the bridge has been good-to-go ever since. Also in 2000, Foster and Partners put a cover over the Great Court at the British Museum, which has become another tourist destination. Throughout his career, Norman Foster has chosen projects to be used by different population groups - the residential housing project Albion Riverside in 2003; the futuristic modified sphere of London City Hall, a public building in 2002; and the 2015 rail station enclosure called Crossrail Place Roof Garden at Canary Wharf, which incorporates a rooftop park beneath ETFE plastic cushions. Whatever project completed for whatever user community, the designs of Norman Foster will always be first class. In Fosters Own Words I think one of the many themes in my work is the benefits of triangulation that can make structures rigid with less material. - 2008 Buckminster Fuller was the kind of green guru...He was a design scientist, if you like, a poet, but he foresaw all the things that are happening now....You can go back to his writings: its quite extraordinary. It was at that time, with an awareness fired by Buckys prophecies, his concerns as a citizen, as a kind of citizen of the planet, that influenced my thinking and what we were doing at that time. - 2006 SUMMARY: Triangulation in Norman Foster Buildings The Bow, 2013, Calgary, CanadaGeorge Rose/Getty ImagesThe people of Calgary call this building not only the most beautiful in Calgary and the best skyscraper in Canada, but it is also the tallest building outside of Toronto, at least for now. The crescent-shaped design of The Bow makes this Alberta skyscraper 30 percent lighter than most modern buildings its size. Named after the River Bow, Norman Fosters building was built between 2005 and 2013 as a mixed-use structure anchored by the headquarters of Cenovus Energy, Inc. Its curved design faces south  - gathering valuable heat and natural daylight  - with a convex facade toward the prevailing wind. Designed as a diagrid, six stories for each triangulated section, most offices of the 58 story skyscraper (775 feet; 239 meters) have a window view because of the curved design. Constructed of trussed-tubes, steel-framed with a glass curtain wall, The Bow has three interior sky gardens - on levels 24, 42 and 54.30 St Mary Axe, 2004 , London, EnglandDavid Crespo/Getty ImagesThe visual geometry of what locals call The Gherkin changes as point of view changes - seen from above, the patterns create a kaleidoscope. Hearst Tower, 2006, New York CityhAndrew C Mace/Getty ImagesThe modern 42-story tower completed in 2006 on top of the 1928 Hearst building is both award-winning and controversial. Norman Foster built the high-tech tower atop the six-story Hearst International Magazine Building designed by Joseph Urban and George P. Post. Foster claims that his design preserved the faà §ade of the existing structure and establishes a creative dialogue between the old and new. Some have said, A dialog? Oh, really? To the unsuspecting, the Hearst Corporation global headquarters is a shocking site as one crosses 57th Street at 8th Avenue in New York City. Like The Bow, the Hearst Tower is a diagrid, using 20% less steel than similar structures. True to Foster architecture, the Tower is constructed of 85% recycled steel and   high performance low emission glass with integrated roller blinds. Harvested roof water is recycled throughout the building, including to the Atriums three-story waterfall wall ca lled Icefall. The building received a LEED Platinum; certification. Sources Foster Partners, Projects, https://www.fosterandpartners.comJury Citation, The Hyatt Foundation, https://www.pritzkerprize.com/1999/juryLord Norman Foster. Interview by Vladimir Belogolovskiy, archi.ru, June 30, 2008, https://archi.ru/en/6679/lord-norman-foster-fosterpartners-intervyu-i-tekst-vladimira-belogolovskogo [accessed May 28, 2015]My green agenda for architecture, December 2006, TED Talk at the 2007 DLD (Digital-Life-Design) Conference, Munich, Germany,  https://www.ted.com/talks/norman_foster_s_green_agenda [accessed May 28, 2015]Project Description, foster partners, fosterandpartners.com/projects/the-bow/The Bow, Emporis, https://www.emporis.com/buildings/282150/the-bow-calgary-canada [accessed July 26, 2013]Specifications, The Bow Building, www.the-bow.com/specifications/ [accessed August 14, 2016]Project Description, foster partners, fosterandpartners.com/projects/hearst-tower/ [accessed July 30, 2013]Hearst Tower, hearst.com/real-estate/hearst-tower [accessed July 30, 2013]

Event Planning Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Event Planning - Assignment Example Since both fighters have numerous fans and supporters worldwide, the event shall be marketed not only as a boxing event but a vacation package5 at Mandalay Bay, as well as an irresistible media event worldwide. The 12,000 seating capacity6 indoor arena is expected to be sold out with audience count7 expected at very close to 100% with March being the start of the Las Vegas peak season8. Tickets9 shall be sold at $1000, $750, $500, $300 and $200 with pre-assigned seating10. The least cost tickets are for the bleachers11. Commissions in the form of percentage12 of gross sales from vacation tour packages13 from air, sea and land travel service providers and tour operators14, hotel accommodations, restaurant meals and various entertainment activities shall also be earned by the organizers. The primary participants in this event are the guests who will come over to Las Vegas to take a vacation and ultimately watch the Re-Match fight or those who will simply watch the fight. For the vacationers who will originate from various parts of the world as well as those from within the United States, it is envisioned that the travel and tour operators that pass accreditation15 will come up with very attractive vacation packages that will include travel fare, accommodation, side trips and activities and of course seat reservations for the fight. Guests who will have tickets to the prize fight shall be treated to the awesome amenities of the Mandalay Bay Events Center, a cavernous 12,000-seat arena with glassed-in skyboxes, good sight lines and acoustics. Free parking is abundant and conveniently close; valet parking is available. (Mandalay Bay Events Center) 4Wall Entertainment's team of lighting designers and engineers has provided integration for the lighting control system for the Events Center. 4Wall designed a complete DMX distribution system, which incorporates Ethernet distribution, combined with traditional DMX patching. The dimmers16 are part of a control system comprised of 13 ETC SR48 Racks and 65 ILC relay cabinets, combined with 94 wall stations. (4Wall Entertainment Lights Mandalay Bay Convention Center) * Marketing the Experience The first six months of the project shall be dedicated to getting together various players for the event - the promoters, the WBC, Mandalay Bay Events Center, travel and tour operators associations, advertising and media, and many others. A preliminary announcement17 to involved sectors for pre-event planning and development shall be done in May 2008. A working group shall be assigned for developing a sponsorship plan18 to get event sponsorships19. For event marketing20 and advertising, consultants from the American Marketing Association21 and the American Association of Advertising Agencies22 shall be engaged. Above-the-line advertising23 for the event shall be delegated to accredited advertising agencies24. Event billboards25 shall be set up at strategic points of the city. Consumer advertising26 packages will be offered to advertisers to take advantage of the expected huge number of visitors during the event not only as added marketing mileage but as a revenue generating activity as well. Publicity27 and public relations28 will be contracted out to a PR firm. When all